Produttori del Barbaresco | An age-old wine cooperative in Barbaresco
In the world of fine wine, where the concept of the cooperative is all too readily associated with low-quality bulk production, Produttori del Barbaresco truly stands out as a rare exception with a truly admirable success story. Inspired by the historic Cantine Sociali of Domizio Cavazza, considered by many the “Father of Barbaresco,” this cooperative was originally established out of necessity, as a way for nineteen local winegrowers to survive the economic challenges of the post-war era by pooling their resources and working together. But unlike many other co-ops, the Produttori set their focus on producing terroir-driven, single-varietal fine wines from early on, putting in place a system that would reward quality over just quantity.
Today, their portfolio includes a stunning selection of nine distinct single-vineyard Nebbiolo bottlings, produced only in the very best vintages and rivaling the greatest producers of Piedmont. Meanwhile, their Barbaresco DOCG remains one of the best kept secrets for remarkable, age-worthy Barbaresco (outside of Italy, of course).
The history of Produttori del Barbaresco
While the Produttori del Barbaresco cooperative was officially established in 1958, the ideas behind it really date back to 1894, when a man by the name of Domizio Cavazza, of the Royal Enological School of Alba, formed the Cantine Sociali di Barbaresco, the very first wine cooperative of the Barbaresco appellation. He believed that Barbaresco could become famous for its own single-varietal Nebbiolo wines instead of producing red blends to sell in bulk to Barolo (which was common at that time). He recognized that the flagship grape variety of Piedmont, Nebbiolo, produced very different wines in Barbaresco and in Barolo, and, within Barbaresco, distinct expressions from one microterroir to the next. So, he purchased a local castle and gathered nine local vineyard owners to work together and produce wines from 100% Nebbiolo, which would be sold as Barbaresco.
This original cooperative was disbanded in the 1920s because of economic rules put in place by the fascists and it was not until 1958 that a priest from the village reformed the 'Cantine Sociali', renaming it Produttori del Barbaresco, in order to help the local vinegrowers.Today, the Produttori del Barbaresco comprises 51 members and reigns over 100 hectares of Nebbiolo vineyards in the Barbaresco area - almost 1/6 of the total vineyard area of this Piedmont winemaking region. Each family is in complete control of its own land.
From Cantine Sociali to Produttori del Barbaresco
In just a few years, the reputation of the Cantine Sociali soared as its wines were added to the wine lists of some top restaurants in Italy and were even being exported to other European countries. However, business came to a halt following the untimely death of Domizio Cavazza in 1913, the hardships brought on by World War I and the harsh economic policies of Mussolini in the post-war years. The Cantine Sociali officially closed down in 1930.
Realizing that the only way small properties could survive the challenges of the times was by working together, priest Don Fiorino Marengo gathered 19 nineteen small growers and convinced them to pool their resources to revive the cooperative. The first three vintages of Produttori del Barbaresco were produced in the basement of Don Fiorino’s church, though eventually these Barbaresco vineyard owners purchased a winery across the square, where the wines are still produced today.
From early on, the Produttori del Barbaresco set their focus on quality, recognizing that the only way they could hope to one day compete with the fine wines of Italy is by elevating the reputation of the Barbaresco appellation and its wines overall. So, despite steady demand for inexpensive table wines made from a blend of red grapes, the cooperative insisted on producing only Barbaresco-labeled wines and only from the Nebbiolo variety. It certainly did not hurt that the Produttori owned some of the greatest vineyard parcels of Barbaresco.
The wines of Produttori del Barbaresco
The winery produces a Barbaresco DOCG, a blend of Nebbiolo grapes from different vineyards, a Langhe Nebbiolo, and in great vintages there are nine single-vineyard Barbaresco: Asili, Rabaja, Pora, Montestefano, Ovello, Paje, Montefico, Moccagatta, and Rio Sordo. The Produttori, which vinifies only Nebbiolo, produces roughly 45,000 cases per year.
In the first decade of its existence, the Produttori del Barbaresco cooperative produced only one wine, a Barbaresco made from blending Nebbiolo from various vineyards in the appellation. However, by the 1960s, some Barbaresco producers like Gaja were starting to released single-vineyard wines, inspired by the Burgundy region of France. In 1967, Produttori del Barbaresco also released five single-vineyard wines, followed by four in the next vintage deemed worthy, 1970. Starting in the same year, these single-cru bottlings were released as Riserva, with a longer aging. In 1975, the cooperative introduced their Langhe Nebbiolo bottling, just before Langhe became a DOC, and Barolo and Barbaresco became DOCG in 1981.
A team of avid Barbaresco lovers
In 1986, Gianni Testa joined the team and has remained at the cooperative as Technical Director ever since. Currently at the head of the Produttori del Barbaresco is Managing Director Aldo Vacca, whose father was one of the founding 19 members of the cooperative. Vacca meets with all of the winemakers once per month to decide together release dates, purchase decisions, etc. This transparency, autonomy and close relationship between the farmers have allowed the Produttori to grow and develop its reputation from one year to the next.
The Produttori del Barbaresco terroir
The Produttori del Barbaresco cooperative owns roughly 100 hectares (250 acres) of vineyard in the Barbaresco appellation of the Piedmont wine producing region, in northwestern Italy. These vineyards are 100% dedicated to the flagship grape variety of the region, Nebbiolo, which makes up for 100% of the wines of the cooperative. In fact, Produttori del Barbaresco is the only winery in the region working exclusively with Nebbiolo. The grapes are grown at elevations of 200 to 400 meters (or 600 to 1300 feet) above sea level, on a chain of hills with an ideal sun exposure.
In addition to their Barbaresco DOCG and their simpler Nebbiolo Langhe, Produttori del Barbaresco also releases, in the best vintages only, a collection of nine single-vineyard wines from nine very different terroirs. These nine vineyards are Montefico, Pora, Montestefano, Ovello, Paje, Muncagota, Asili, Rabajà and Rio Sordo. In order to avoid tension among members, the cooperative takes an all-or-nothing approach: If one cru is deemed to not be of high enough quality in a certain vintage, none of the nine are released.
Each of these crus has its unique terroir, producing wines with very different styles. For example, the 20-hectare (50 acre) Ovello vineyard is home to calcareous soils rich in clay and a slightly cooler microclimate, producing wines with a more exuberant and youthful fruity expression and fuller body. The solitary, southwest-facing Rio Sordo vineyard, meanwhile, has light limestone soils with a low calcium content, resulting in opulent wines which are very silky, smooth and seductive, with a powerful structure and soft, well-balanced tannins. And the 2.28-hectare (5.7-acre) Asili vineyard is one of the most distinctive in the region, with calcareous limestone and sandy veins, producing quite an intense wine, which needs a few years in the bottle to reveal the full complexity of its personality.
While each of the landowner members of the Produttori del Barbaresco cooperative are, overall, free to cultivate their vineyards as they see fit, they have in common high standards of vineyard management. The Produttori are now working with high-quality, more sustainable clonal material when it comes to replanting the vineyards. They have also adapted new approaches to canopy management and cover cropping in areas where the latter are necessary. In recent years, they have worked to minimize the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. A series of seminars and meetings between growers allows the Produttori to share their knowledge on latest viticultural developments with each other, and thus improve as a team.
The payment structure of Produttori del Barbaresco winegrowers has also specifically been developed in a way to encourage quality over just quantity. Today, all of the Produttori farmers practice green harvesting as just one way to control yield and ensure a great concentration of flavor in the fruit.
Winemaking at Produttori del Barbaresco
Over the years, the members of the Produttori del Barbaresco have pooled their profits several times and, joining their efforts, gathered the funds to invest in equipment for the winery, including a pneumatic crusher and destemmer in the early 90s. The teams also pay close attention to the quality of the oak barrels used to mature the wines and the Produttori have been gradually replacing the older barrels over the course of the last two decades.
The winemaking of the various Barbaresco wines is consistent, allowing the wines to highlight the different characteristics of their terroir of origin. The harvest of the fruit is carried out individually by the farmers of the cooperative. Upon arrival at the winery, the grapes undergo a thorough assessment of both ripeness and quality. The single-vineyard wines from the smaller vineyards are fermented in 50-hectoliter temperature-controlled stainless steel tanks, while the larger single-vineyard wines and Barbaresco DOCG ferments in 100-hectoliter stainless steel tanks. Their Nebbiolo Langhe DOC ferments in concrete tanks.
The Barbaresco wines macerate for roughly 30 days with their skins and pumping over is carried out 2 to 3 times per day while fermentation is occurring. Meanwhile, their Nebbiolo Langhe wine spends 20 days on skins with 2 pump-overs a day. Fully confident in all that the Barbaresco terroir has to offer, Aldo Vacca prefers a full extraction, followed by extra time spent aging to soften the wines.
To mature its signature Barbaresco wines, Produttori del Barbaresco has always relied on large, old French or Slovenian barrels of 25, 50 and 75 hectoliters. The aging time, however, evolved from four to five years in the 1970s to two to three years today. Meanwhile, the Nebbiolo Langhe spends just 5 months in these large oak barrels, producing a wine with a more approachable style, ready-to-drink style.
How and when to enjoy the wines of Produttori del Barbaresco
Each year, Produttori del Barbaresco produces a Langhe Nebbiolo DOC from younger vines to serve as the introduction to the cooperative’s range, as well as a the Produttori del Barbaresco "Barbaresco DOCG" made from a blend of Nebbiolo from various vineyards in the appellation. These Barbaresco wines offer a refined, elegant nose of blackcurrants, blueberries and raspberries, along with soft and rounded tannins. Pair them with lamb or feathered game dishes, particularly roasted pheasant.
To fully enjoy these Barbaresco wines, we recommend aging them for a decade or longer in the bottle (except for the Langhe Nebbiolo, which is ready to open after just a few years of laying down). Before serving them, allow them to breathe for an hour or two in order to open the nose. Serve them at a temperature of 18°- 20°C (65° - 68°F) in a large glass.
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